According to a press release from ESA, since the Big Bang, galaxies have gathered in tens or even thousands in the 13.8 billion years.

According to a press release from the University of Arizona, Brenda L. Frye, an assistant astronomer at the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory said, "Because we are looking so far back in time, and because the the universe is assumed to be homogenous in all directions, we think it's very similar to looking at the equivalent of what a baby cluster might look like".

He added that unlike earlier observations, a real sample of 200 baby clusters has been found now. Researchers aimed at creating a map of the beginning of the universe. According to ESA's press release, Hervé Dole of the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, said that data from Herschel and other telescopes revealed signs of these kinds of objects.

He is the lead scientist of the analysis published in Astronomy & Astrophysics. He added that the all-sky capability of Planck showed many more candidates for study.

As per ESA's press release, Dole added that there is a lot to be known regarding this new population, which is needed to be studied further with other observatories. He also said that it is thought that they are unknown part of cosmological structure formation.

According to ESA's press release, Ludovic Montier, a CNRS researcher at the Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse said that they are looking forward to an extended catalogue of potential proto- clusters detected by Planck, which should assist in identifying more such objects. He is the lead scientist of the Planck catalogue of high-redshift source candidates.