Washington, Sept 30 : Holding up two fingers is an international symbol for two. But if the same sign is made in Germany or France, the count will become three.

This tip is courtesy of a study by the University of Alberta''s Elena Nicoladis, an experimental psychologist, and Simone Pika, a lecturer at the University of Manchester.

Published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, the research examines cultural differences in the use of hand gestures that could lead to miscommunications or misunderstandings.

As for what drew Nicoladis'' interest in the subject: her own lost-in-digital translation experience while riding on Berlin''s transit system.

"I asked for directions on the U-Bahn to an older woman and she told me to get off in four stops, so I said, ''ja, vier'' and held up my four fingers," she said.

"She went off on a tirade saying ''nein, nein, vier'' and held up the conventional gesture (using her thumb and three fingers)," she added.

The differentiation is because, in Germany for instance, the thumb is automatically counted as a numerical value. Thus, Nicoladis was showing five digits instead of four.

Nicoladis and colleagues studied one and two-hand counting gestures and cultural differences between Germans and French and English Canadians. While the majority of Germans use their thumb to begin to sequentially count, the majority of Canadians, both French and English, use their index finger as the numerical kick-off point when counting with their hands.

However, Nicoladis noted that some French Canadians also displayed anomalous differences from their Canadian or even their German counterparts.

"They show a lot more variation in what they are willing to use in terms of gestures, suggesting there might be some influence from the European French manner of gesturing (whose gestures are identical to the Germans''), or possibly other cultures too," she said.

"This association suggests that there are some cultural artifacts left over from these older French gestures and that they have been replaced because of the cultural contact with English Canadians," the expert added.

Nicoladis urges anyone travelling to a foreign country to brush up on their hand signs for fear of possibly embarrassing cultural situations, or even an exorbitant bar tab at the end of the night.

"When people are going into a context where they don''t speak a language very well, they fall back on conventional gestures or pointing," she said.

"Even those that seem very transparent to use can, in fact, be very culturally embedded and could lead to possible miscommunications," she added. (ANI)